Element

body

Error Type

Potential

Guidelines

  • WCAG 2.0 (Level A)
    Guideline Group1.3 Ensure that information and structure can be separated from presentation
    Guideline SubgroupSuccess Criteria 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (A)
  • WCAG 2.0 (Level AA)
    Guideline Group1.3 Adaptable: Create content that can be presented in different ways (for example simpler layout) without losing information or structure.
    Guideline SubgroupSuccess Criteria 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (A)
  • WCAG 2.0 (Level AAA)
    Guideline Group1.3 Adaptable: Create content that can be presented in different ways without losing information or structure.
    Guideline SubgroupSuccess Criteria 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (A)

Requirement

All changes in text direction are marked using the dir attribute.

Error

dir attribute may be required to identify changes in text direction.

Short Description

Identify changes in the text direction of text that includes nested directional runs by providing the dir attribute on inline elements. A nested directional run is a run of text that includes mixed directional text, for example, a paragraph in English containing a quoted Hebrew sentence which in turn includes a quotation in French.

How To Determine

Question Are all changes in text direction marked using the dir attribute?
PASS All changes in text direction are marked using the dir attribute.
FAIL All changes in text direction are not marked using the dir attribute.

Steps To Check

Procedure

1. Check all text in the document.
2. Determine if there are blocks of text that are not in the primary document language.
3. Determine if the blocks of text have a reading order that is different from the primary language.
4. Check if the blocks of text are marked using the dir attribute.

Expected Result

1. All changes in text direction are marked using the dir attribute.

Failed Result

1. Add a dir attribute to inline elements that mark blocks of text that have a reading order different from the document's primary language.

Examples

Pass Examples

Block of text with a reading order different from the primary language is marked using the dir attribute. 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/xhtml; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>ATRC Testfile - Check #271.2 - Negative</title>
</head>
<body>

<p>The title says "<span lang="he" dir="rtl">פעילות ×”×‘×™× ××•×, W3C</span>" in Hebrew.</p>

</body>
</html>

Fail Examples

Block of text with a reading order different from the primary language is not marked using the dir attribute. 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/xhtml; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>ATRC Testfile - Check #271.1 - Positive</title>
</head>
<body>

<p>The title says "<span lang="he">פעילות ×”×‘×™× ××•×, W3C</span>" in Hebrew.</p>

</body>
</html>
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